Glossary 3.4

The glossary provides definitions and explanations of key terms and concepts essential to understand the topic in the lesson. Be sure to familiarize yourself with each term before attempting the lesson glossary quiz.

Browse the glossary using this index

Special | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | ALL

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5

5' Cap

a sequence of seven Gs that added to the start of a pre-mRNA molecule; ribosomes recognize this site and use it as the site of inital attachment

A

Alternative Splicing

a process that produces different mRNAs from pre-mRNA (exons and introns), allowing more than one possible polypeptide to be made from a single gene

C

Central Dogma

the fundamental principle of molecular genetics, which states that genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to proteins

Coding Strand

the DNA strand that is not being copied but contains the same sequence as the new RNA molecule

Codon

a group of three base pairs that code for an individual amino acid

E

Exon

a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for part of a gene

G

Genetic Code

the specific coding relationship between bases and the amino acids they specify; the genetic code can be expressed in terms of either DNA or RNA bases

I

Intron

a non-coding sequence of DNA or RNA

M

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

the end product of the transcription of a gene; mRNA is translated by ribosomes into a protein

O

One Gene - One Enzyme Hypothesis

the hypothesis, proposed by Beadle and Tatum, that each gene is unique and codes for the synthesis of a single enzyme

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