Globalization harms the environment mainly through long-distance transportation that increases carbon emissions, such as shipping a T-shirt made in Bangladesh across thousands of kilometers to Europe, industrial relocation that causes local environmental degradation, where polluting industries like leather tanning or e-waste processing are moved to developing countries, and the imbalance of biodiversity, for example when invasive species like zebra mussels spread through ship ballast water and damage local aquatic ecosystems.